BT9402, Artificial Intelligence

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ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	SIXTH
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT9402, Artificial Intelligence
CREDIT	4
BK ID	B1367
MAX.MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

1 Explain the first and second principle of AI.

Answer: The field of artificial intelligence, or AI, attempts to understand intelligent entities. Thus, one reason to study it is to learn more about ourselves. But unlike philosophy and psychology, which are also concerned with intelligence, AI strives to build intelligent entities as well as understand them. Another reason to study AI is that these constructed intelligent entities are interesting and useful in their own right. AI has produced many significant and impressive products even at this early stage in its development. Although no one can predict the future in

2 Explain knowledge representations with an example.

Answer: Knowledge representation is defined as a problem to solve or a task to carry out, as well as what constitutes a solution, is only given informally, such as "deliver parcels promptly when they arrive" or "fix whatever is wrong with the electrical system of the house."

The general framework for solving problems by computer is given in Figure 1.4. To solve a problem, the designer of a system must

·         Flesh out the task and determine what constitutes a solution;

·         Represent the problem in a language with which a computer can reason;

·         Use the computer to compute an output, which is

3 Explain the Inheritance and Reification in semantic networks.

Answer: A semantic network, or frame network, is a network which represents semantic relations between concepts. This is often used as a form of knowledge representation. It is a directed or undirected graph consisting of vertices, which represent concepts, and edges.

Reification is the process by which an abstract idea about a computer program is turned into an explicit data model or other object created in a programming language. A computable/addressable object — a resource — is created in a system as a proxy for a non computable/addressable object. By means of reification, something that was previously implicit,

4 Explain the two principal parts of an expert system.

Answer: Expert Systems are computer programs that are derived from a branch of computer science research called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI's scientific goal is to understand intelligence by building computer programs that exhibit intelligent behavior. It is concerned with the concepts and methods of symbolic inference, or reasoning, by a computer, and how the knowledge used to make those inferences will be represented inside the machine. AI programs that achieve expert-level competence in solving problems in task areas by bringing to bear a body

5 Describe the factors affecting learning performance of a system.

Answer: It is important to distinguish between learning (including conditioning) and performance. The phenomena of cognitive maps and of latent learning both demonstrate that something may be learned but not shown until later.

Factors that influence learning: Several factors may affect learning.

·         Learning generally increases with increased amount of practice or training. Practice alone, however, is not enough. Classical

6 Briefly explain the hardware requirements for designing a robot.

Answer: Here are the features that robot should be designed:

·         It should be a vehicle that can move forward, backwards and turn.

·         It should be easy to assemble and disassemble.

·         It should have a mode in which it is able to move on its own, detecting obstacles ahead and avoiding them.

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