BT9403, Virtual Reality

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ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	SIXTH
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT9403, Virtual Reality
CREDITS	4
BK ID	B1368
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Question. 1. Write a note on Convolvotron. Draw the block diagram of it.

Answer:The Convolvotron includes two circuit boards that are installed in slots of a PC-compatible computer. The Convolvotron uses a spatial sound synthesis method involving the direct convolution of an audio signal with pairs of filters

When master controller 102 directs a sound to spatial sound processor 112, it also provides spatial sound processor 112 with 3-D position information for the channel. The position information is updated periodically, preferably at a rate of approximately 60 Hz, using control signal path 122.

The Convolvotron accepts channel position information in either head-relative or absolute position format. The head-relative

Question. 2. Define haptic feedback. Explain haptic sensing.

Answer:Tactile Feedback is a type of Haptic Feedback. Haptic feedback is generally divided into two different classes: Tacticle and Kinesthetic. The difference between the two is quite complex, but at a high level:

Kinesthetic: The things you feel from sensors in your muscles, joints, tendons. Weight, stretch, joint angles of your arm, hand, wrist, fingers, etc. Imagine holding a coffee-mug  in your hand. Kinesthetic feedback tells your brain the approximate size of the mug, it's weight, and how you are holding it relative to your body.

Tactile:

Question. 3. Define distributed VR engine. Write a note on multiple pipeline synchronization.

Answer:One key element for interaction with a virtual world, is a means of tracking the position of a real world object, such as a head or hand. There are numerous methods for position tracking and control. Ideally a technology should provide 3 measures for position(X, Y, Z) and 3 measures of orientation (roll, pitch, yaw). One of the biggest problem for position tracking is latency, or the time required to make the measurements and preprocess them before input to the simulation engine.

The simplest control hardware is a

Synchronization - Scheduling multiple projects

The TOC multi-project solution recognizes that the effectiveness of individual projects can be threatened if the organization tries to push more projects through its pipeline than it is capable of. Scheduling -- the actual promising of individual project completions -- must take into account any constraining aspects of that pipeline. While the common existence of practices like multi-tasking or due-date behaviors typically prove out to outstrip any actual resource constraint, the possibility of such a constraint is useful as an

Question. 4. Explain the first stage of haptic rendering.

Answer:Humans explore objects in many steps. Typically, we first visually scan the environment with our eyes to locate the position of the object. We then touch the object to feel its general shape. Finally, a more careful manual exploration is made to investigate the surface and material characteristics of the object. Manual sensing of shape, softness, and texture of an object occurs through tactile and kinesthetic sensory systems that respond to spatial and temporal distribution of forces on the hand. Recent advances in virtual reality and robotics enable the human tactual system to be stimulated in a controlled manner through force feedback devices, also known as haptic interfaces. A haptic interface is a device that enables manual interaction with virtual environments or teleoparated remote systems.

Question. 5. Expalin automatic cell segmentation process.

Answer:With the huge amount of cell images produced in bio-imaging, automatic methods for segmentation are needed in order to evaluate the content of the images with respect to types of cells and their sizes. Traditional PDE-based methods using level-sets can perform automatic segmentation, but do not perform well on images with clustered cells containing sub-structures. Furthermore, DIC images contain a phase gradient, which should be removed first.

In recent years, high-throughput microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool to analyze cellular dynamics in an unprecedentedly

Question. 6. Explain the geometry of stereoscopic vision. Give the advantages of stereopsis.

Answer:Stereopsis (from the Greek στερεο- stereo- meaning "solid", and ὄψιςopsis, "appearance, sight") is a term that is most often used to refer to the perception of depth and 3-dimensional structure obtained on the basis of visual information deriving from two eyes by individuals with normally developed binocular vision. Because the eyes of humans, and many animals, are located at different lateral positions on the head, binocular vision results in two slightly different images projected to the retinas of the eyes. The differences are mainly in the relative horizontal position of objects in the two images. These positional differences are referred to as horizontal disparities or, more generally, binocular disparities. Disparities are processed in the visual cortex of the brain to yield depth perception. While binocular disparities are naturally present when viewing a real 3-dimensional scene with two eyes, they can also be simulated by artificially presenting two different images separately to each eye using a method called stereoscopy. The perception of depth in such cases is also referred to as "stereoscopic depth".

that makes stereo vision so rich and special.

Stereo Vision Has Many Advantages

Stereo vision--or stereoscopic vision --probably evolved as a means of survival. With stereo vision, we can see WHERE

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